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The relationship between Salafism and Sufis – two movement of Sunni Islam with different interpretations of Islam – is historically diverse and reflects some of the changes and conflicts in the Muslim world today.〔Akbar Ahmed ''Journey Into America: The Challenge of Islam'', 2010, page 261 "The relationship between Salafis and Sufis, in particular, is complicated and reflects some of the changes and current conflicts in the Muslim world."〕 Salafism is associated with literalist, strict and puritanical approaches to Islam. In the Western world it is often associated with the Salafist jihadism which espouse violent jihad against civilians as a legitimate expression of Islam.〔Dr Abdul-Haqq Baker, ''Extremists in Our Midst: Confronting Terror,'' Palgrave Macmillan, 2011〕 Sufism is associated with the use of prayer, music, dance and the teachings of Sufi masters—who may serve as an intermediary between God and humans—to achieve a spiritual sense of the meaning of God.〔(An Introduction the Modern Middle East: History, Religion, Political Economy ... ) By David S. Sorenson〕 However Sufis were also involved in Millitancy and terrorisim in Kashmir and Chechnya. While there are Muslims who believe that Salafism and Sufism "overlap", the "standard" Salafi response to Sufism has been called "polemical".〔 According to various observers, Salafists have been "usually ... unrelentingly hostile to devotional Sufi practices",〔(Princeton Readings in Islamist Thought: Texts and Contexts from Al-Banna to ... ) By Roxanne Leslie Euben, Muhammad Qasim Zaman〕 arguing that Sufism is "irreconcilable with true Islam",〔(Salafi Ritual Purity: In the Presence of God ) By Richard Gauvain, p.305〕 and one of the elements "corrupting" modern day Islam.〔(Encyclopedia of Islam ) By Juan Eduardo Campo, p.601 ("Salafists have ... promote() their message that Islam, as well as Muslim society, is in crisis, having been corrupted from within by backward-thinking Ulama, Sufism, a spurious innovations.")〕 Relations between the two movements have been described as one with "battle lines drawn",〔 or a "rift" found in "practically every Muslim country",〔as of 2007〕 and in "the Muslim diasporic communities of the West" as well. ==History== Following a tripling in the price of oil in the mid-1970s and the progressive takeover of Saudi Aramco oil company between 1974 and 1980, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia acquired large sums of revenue from oil exports. It began to spend tens of billions of dollars throughout the Islamic World to promote the movement of Islam favored in that country — known as Salafi or Wahabbi Islam.〔Kepel, Gilles, ''Jihad: The Trail of Political Islam'' Belknap Press of Harvard University Press (31 March 2003)|2002|pp=69–75〕〔(How Saudi petrodollars fuel rise of Salafism )| france24.com 30 September 2012〕〔documentary ''The Qur'an'' aired in the UK, (''The Qur'an'' review in ''The Independent'' )〕 According to Pnina Werbner, Saudi funding of "the Wahhabi/Salafi critique" (along with the forces of modernization) put "Sufi ''tariqas''" in "danger of disappearing altogether" in the 1970 and 80s. Though the tariqas have "revived themselves" since then, Werbner describes the twenty-first century as dawning "with battle lines drawn up between" the two groups "within the world of Sunni Islam." Islamopedia.org states that Salafi groups have been "accused of perpetrating the destruction and burning of a number of Sufi mosques and shrines" as of 2011, a "reflection of the resurgence of the long suppressed animosity" between the two groups.〔 The Grand Mufti of Al Azhar Ali Gomaa, himself an adherent of Sufism, criticized this trend as unacceptable.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Sufi–Salafi relations」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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